I.A. Richards's
John Crowe Ransom
Besides authors and readers, New Critics would also argue that a text's historical and cultural contexts are also irrelevant. For example, even if we're looking at such a culturally significant text, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, we should avoid the temptation to read it as an anti-slavery novel.
New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
New Criticism is distinctly formalist in character. The method of New Criticism focuses on a close reading of rhythm, meter, theme, imagery, metaphor, etc. According to the intentional fallacy, it's impossible to determine an author's reasons for writing a text without directly asking him or her.
Practical criticism today is more usually treated as an ancillary skill rather than the foundation of a critical method. ... Practical criticism in this form has no necessary connection with any particular theoretical approach, and has shed the psychological theories which originally underpinned it.
One key difference between Russian formalism and New Criticism is that the New Critics examined literary language as a way to explain or illuminate the artistic value of the text, whereas the Formalists looked at literary language to understand how, in linguistic terms, it produced meaning.
Although the New Critics were never a formal group, an important inspiration was the teaching of John Crowe Ransom of Vanderbilt University, whose students (all Southerners), Allen Tate, Cleanth Brooks, and Robert Penn Warren would go on to develop the aesthetics that came to be known as the New Criticism.
A "critical theory" has a distinctive aim: to unmask the ideology falsely justifying some form of social or economic oppression—to reveal it as ideology—and, in so doing, to contribute to the task of ending that oppression. ... Marx's critique of capitalist economic relations is arguably just this kind of critical theory.
Literary criticism, the reasoned consideration of literary works and issues. It applies, as a term, to any argumentation about literature, whether or not specific works are analyzed.
That is why the literary criticism is important in literary studies. ... It means that literary criticism can improve our capability in reading comprehension in order to understand broader about literary work. As a tool in literary studies, critic plays an important role in doing studies or analysis about literary work.
The major types of biblical criticism are: (1) textual criticism, which is concerned with establishing the original or most authoritative text, (2) philological criticism, which is the study of the biblical languages for an accurate knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and style of the period, (3) literary criticism, ...
How to handle criticism
Cope with criticism
Why Highly Sensitive People React So Strongly to Criticism When we receive negative feedback, we root into our “emotional brain,” which bypasses our “thinking brain.” The “emotional brain” (also known as the limbic system) is where our databank of triggers and past emotional memories are stored.
7 Tips For Dealing With Criticism When You're A Highly Sensitive Person
Read on for their suggestions for what you can do to stop once and for all taking everything so damn personally.
If someone has very low self-esteem, they're going to be extremely sensitive to any form of critique, correction, criticism or admonishment –even if what you say is meant constructively, and even if it's 100 percent true. ... This is why people who can't take criticism are often the very ones who dish it out.
If at all possible, coolly and calmly excuse yourself from the presence of the person giving you feedback. Simply saying something like, “Thanks for your input. Will you excuse me for a moment?” should work just fine. It can be very, very difficult to control your emotions in the face of harsh criticism — so don't try.
We criticize because we somehow feel devalued by the behavior or attitude. Critical people tend to be easily insulted and especially in need of ego defense. Critical people were often criticized in early childhood by caretakers, siblings, or peers, at an age when criticism can be especially painful.
Up vote -1. Probably a "hypercritic" - a person who is excessively or captiously critical. Or "hypercritical" as an adjective. You could concatenate "constantly ratifying", "self-righteous" and "hypercritic" to call such a person a "constantly ratifying self-righteous hypercritic".
The need to feel superior to others is a major cause for people who put others down. Psychology says those who feel this need bully to knock others down. ... They may feel superior in that they can assert their dominance over another person. It could also make them feel strong or powerful to beat another person down.
Repeated criticism may shake your partner's confidence and eventually make them doubt their ability to do things right. “It can make us question our value and worth, especially when it's coming from someone who's supposed to love us,” Smith said.
The reason why self esteem is so closely linked to criticism is that if you are insecure or low on confidence at all you may believe the negative criticism you hear and feel like you're a victim – that can really hurt. On the other hand, negative criticism can lower your self esteem by causing you to doubt yourself.
How to Accept Criticism with Grace and Appreciation
A partner that uses put downs or comments to make you feel bad or less than is not displaying healthy relationship behaviors. In a healthy relationship, your partner will use words to make you feel good, loved, and encouraged.
Here are some signs of an unhealthy relationship:
WHY DOES MY PARTNER BRING OUT THE WORST IN ME? The simple answer to why our long-term partners bring out the worst in us is because they know us so well. Most people intuitively feel that the more a person knows about us and the closer we feel to them the less they should get on our nerves or push our buttons.