Quem O Demnio Lamia?
Além disso, as lendas a respeito da Lâmia podem ser encontradas também em outros locais ao redor do Mediterrâneo, com as suas variações. Principalmente no leste, e nos Balcãs (em basco, Lamiak).
Definition
Pausanias, Description of Greece 10.12.1; Plutarch, Oracles at Delphi 9.398c; Dio Chrysostom, Discourse 37.13. However, the Libya who was the daughter of Poseidon may have been a completely different individual.
The evidence for Lamia’s mythology is sparse and contradictory. Some tales describe her as having once been a beautiful woman loved by Zeus who was later punished by Zeus’ jealous wife Hera; others present her as a monster sent by the gods to punish mortals who angered them. To make matters even more confusing, though she was originally represented as a single monster, some later sources spoke of an entire class of creatures known as “lamiae” or “lamias.”
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Una de las representaciones más modernas y famosas de Lamia se encuentra en el poema narrativo Lamia (1819), escrito por el poeta inglés John Keats (1795-1821). En Lamia, el dios griego Hermes se propone encontrar a una ninfa que, según se rumorea, es más bella que ninguna otra. Al fracasar en su misión de encontrar a esta famosa ninfa, Hermes se sienta a descansar, pero pronto oye una voz. Al levantarse para investigar, se encuentra con Lamia, que está atrapada en el cuerpo de una serpiente. Lamia promete revelar a Hermes la ubicación de la escurridiza ninfa si la convierte de nuevo en una mujer humana, ya que un joven corintio llamado Lycius le había llamado la atención. Hermes acepta y la transforma en una hermosa mujer.
En su De animalibus (Sobre los animales), Alberto Magno se refiere a la Lamia como un gran híbrido animal-mujer que amamanta a sus crías y se dedica a cuidarlas. Que Lamia se dedique a cuidar a sus crías tiene más sentido que una mujer que mata y come cruelmente a los niños, ya que va en contra de todo lo que se supone que representa una mujer.
As Alcyoneus was being led away, however, another young man, Eurybatus, fell in love with him and volunteered to be sacrificed in his place. Eurybatus went to the monster’s lair, where he overpowered the beast and threw her down the mountain. The wounded Lamia then transformed into a spring that was called Sybaris. Later, a city in Magna Graecia (in central Italy) was also named Sybaris.[23]
Licencia y derechos de autor
Aristophanes, Wasps 1035, 1177, Peace 758.
Su nombre deriva del griego laimos ("garganta") y lamyros ("glotón"), que describe perfectamente su sed de sangre y su hambre de carne humana. En la época clásica, se convirtió en el primer prototipo de vampiro, que seducía a los hombres con su belleza y bebía su sangre. Con el paso de los años, se convirtió en una famosa historia del ogro en Grecia, que se contaba a los niños para que se comportaran.
Como chamamos Lâmia hoje?
El pintor inglés John William Waterhouse (1849-1917) también se inspiró en la historia de Lamia. En Lamia y el soldado (1905), John William Waterhouse se inspira en la Lamia de John Keats. Muestra a Lamia como una hermosa mujer con un soldado (Lycius) que la mira con asombro. Sin embargo, si se mira con atención, se ve una piel de serpiente colgando de su brazo y una cola de serpiente, que simboliza su naturaleza monstruosa al acecho. En Lamia (1909), Lamia está sentada mirando su hermoso reflejo en un estanque de agua. La única pista de su verdadera forma es la tela azul oscuro bordada que la rodea, que se cree que simboliza la piel de serpiente. Otros artistas de la misma época también utilizaron este método: pintar a Lamia como una mujer joven y encantadora, pero siempre incluyendo un indicio de su verdadera naturaleza, normalmente en forma de piel de serpiente presente en alguna parte del cuadro.
Lamia es un demonio femenino o hermafrodita de la mitología griega que devoraba niños y seducía a los hombres. Aparece en la literatura ya en el siglo VI a.C. y se dice que es temible a la vista, con un rostro feo, la parte superior del cuerpo de una mujer y la inferior de una serpiente.
In Greek society, Lamia was viewed as a cautionary tale of what women became when they lost their moral compass. Good Greek women were supposed to marry and mate with young men - not kill them, and their duty was to produce and care for children - not devour them. Philosophers used her as a negative example of desire and greed; what may appear to be attractive and seductive will later always end in ruin and corruption. The story of Lamia was also used to scare children into behaving well. She was the bogeyman of ancient Greece.
Bibliography
When it comes to terrifying fictional characters to fear from children's literature, the witch from "Hansel and Gretel" and Baba Yaga of many slavic myths come to mind. But there's one character in Greek mythology who arguably tops them all in terms of evil: Lamia.
Lamia was a half-human, half-serpent creature with a terrifying demonic face who lived in a cave and smelled horribly. According to the ancient Greek comedy playwright Aristophanes (c. 460 to c. 380 BCE), Lamia was hermaphroditic: "It had a voice like a roaring torrent, the stench of a seal, the unwashed balls of a Lamia and the arse of a camel." (Wasps, 1: 1035). The idea of Lamia being hermaphroditic was perhaps invented to make Lamia seem even more twisted and monstrous.
As variações do mito da Lâmia
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According to one myth, the god Apollo had impregnated a girl named Psamathe, the daughter of the Argive Crotopus. Psamathe gave birth to a son, Linus, whom she left in the wilderness, fearing that her affair would be discovered. But Crotopus found out anyway (in one account, Psamathe told him herself, driven by grief after the infant Linus was torn apart by sheepdogs). In a rage, Crotopus executed Psamathe.
There are no clear representations of Lamia from the ancient visual arts. However, a hairy female monster shown on a few vase paintings from the Classical period (490–323 BCE) has been identified by some scholars as a depiction of Lamia.[12]
Sobre el traductor
"She would 'get you' if you disobeyed — or so kids were instructed," Martin says. "She once lived in Libya, in North Africa. The story goes that, like many a demoness, she used to be a beautiful woman. Zeus (as was his usual habit) seduced and slept with her. The chief god's wife, Hera, got jealous and then killed the children of Lamia. The poor mortal woman was so overcome by continual grief that she became horribly ugly in appearance, and then she began to kill the children of other women, in a sort of madness of revenge."
Cf. Walter Burkert, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 83.
Etymology
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Her outer beauty soon reflected her hatred and anger, and she transformed from a beautiful woman into a demonic-looking creature. In a desperate attempt to appease her, Zeus gave her the gift of prophecy and the bizarre ability to pluck out her eyes and replace them, so she would not have to look at herself.
According to some Greek sources, Lamia was originally a princess or queen of Libya, the daughter of Libya and Belus or, possibly, of Poseidon (see above). A very beautiful young woman, she soon attracted the attention of Zeus and became his lover. This caused Hera, Zeus’ divine wife, to become jealous. To punish Lamia, Hera killed the children Lamia bore to Zeus, or caused Lamia to kill them herself. As a result, Lamia went mad with grief and began to steal and kill the children of other women.[18]