Qual Deus Era Hermes?
Hermes era um deus grego e uma das doze divindade que viviam no Monte Olimpo. Sua principal tarefa era servir como mensageiro dos deuses. Ele era considerado o deus do comércio, ladrões, viajantes, esportes, atletas e guia para o submundo.
Culto a Hermes
Como o principal mensageiro dos deuses, especialmente de Zeus, Hermes aparece em muitos contos da mitologia grega. Tanto a velocidade de Hermes quanto suas habilidades como orador fizeram dele um excelente mensageiro.
Hermes was the ancient Greek god of trade, wealth, luck, fertility, animal husbandry, sleep, language, thieves, and travel. One of the cleverest and most mischievous of the 12 Olympian gods, Hermes was their herald and messenger. In that position, he came to symbolise the crossing of boundaries in his role as a guide between the two realms of gods and humanity.
Hermes levaria os comandos de Zeus para outros deuses e criaturas, como quando ele disse à ninfa Calipso para libertar Odisseu na Odisseia de Homero. Hermes ganhou sua velocidade de suas sandálias aladas, que lhe permitiram voar como um pássaro e se mover como o vento.
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Em seu caminho de volta para a caverna, Hermes encontrou uma tartaruga e inventou a lira (um instrumento musical de cordas) com sua concha. Apolo mais tarde descobriu sobre o roubo e exigiu seu gado de volta.
Por Hermes ser inteligente, ele era frequentemente considerado o deus da invenção. Ele é creditado com por série de invenções, incluindo o alfabeto grego, números, música, boxe, ginástica, astronomia e fogo (em alguns contos).
Hermes was credited with inventing fire, the alphabet, dice (actually knucklebones) - and so he was worshipped by gamblers in his capacity as god of luck and wealth, and musical instruments, in particular, the lyre - made from a tortoiseshell by the god. Hermes was regarded as the patron of thieves and shepherds thanks to his invention of the pan pipes (syrinx). He was the patron of travellers, and stone pillars (hermae) with a phallus symbol were often to be seen set up along roadsides to act as guides and offer good fortune to those who passed. Hermae were particularly set up at boundaries, reminding of the god's role as a messenger between the gods and humanity, as well as his function as a guide for the dead into the next life. In addition, Hermes was regarded as the patron of the home, and people often built small marble stelai in front of their doors in his honour.
Timeline
As messenger and herald, particularly for Zeus, Hermes is involved in many mythological episodes. Perhaps most celebrated was his killing of the many-eyed (some accounts say 100-eyed) monster Argos on the orders of Zeus in order to free Io. Hermes also freed Ares from his year-long imprisonment in a cauldron by the twin Giants Otus and Ephialtes. One of his most famous regular roles was as a leader of souls to the river Styx in the underworld, where the boatman Charon would take them to Hades. Hermes was also known as something of a trickster, stealing at one time or another Poseidon's trident, Artemis' arrows, and Aphrodite's girdle.
Famous for his diplomatic skills, he was also regarded as the patron of languages and rhetoric. Orators regarded the god who transferred words from sender to receiver as their patron, as did interpreters (another group of boundary-crossers) and, even today, the study and interpretation of texts carries his name: hermeneutics. In the Hellenistic period, the god was often associated with gymnasia and seen as the protector of youths. Finally, the god's Latin name, Mercury, is, of course, the name of a planet, naturally, the fastest one to orbit the sun.
Videoaula sobre Grécia Antiga: religião
Hermes has a very long history, being mentioned in the Linear B tablets of the Mycenaean civilization, at its height from the 15th to 13th century BCE. Such tablets have been discovered at Pylos, Thebes, and Knossos. With origins, then, as an Arcadian fertility god who had a special love for the Peloponnese, the ancient Greeks believed Hermes was the son of Zeus and the nymph Maia (daughter of the Titan Atlas) and that he was born on Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia. In mythology, Hermes was also the father of the pastoral god Pan and Eudoros (with Polymele), one of the leaders of the Myrmidons, although the god was not given a wife in any Greek myth. The idea that Hermes represented movement is reflected in his role as the leader of both the Nymphs and Graces (Charites).
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Hermes was honoured just about everywhere in ancient Greece but especially in the Peloponnese at Mt. Cyllene and such city-states as Megalopolis, Corinth and Argos. Athens had one of the oldest cults to the god where the Hermaia festival for young boys was held annually. Delos, Tanagra, and the Cyclades were other places where Hermes was especially popular. Finally, the god had a noted sanctuary on Crete at Kato Symi where young men about to become full citizens engaged in a two-month-long rite where they spent time cultivating homosexual relations with older men in the mountains thereabouts. Another Hermaia festival on Crete permitted slaves to temporarily take the part of their masters. Once again, Hermes' association with crossing boundaries of all kinds is evident here.
Definition
Hermes was known for his impish behaviour and curiosity. He invented the lyre, the alphabet, and dice. The latter explains why the god was beloved by gamblers. Hermes was the patron of shepherds and invented the panpipes they used to call their flock. To the Romans, the god was known as Mercury.
Hermes era filho do deus grego Zeus e da ninfa da montanha Maia. Maia deu à luz em uma caverna na montanha e depois adormeceu. Hermes então escapou e roubou um pouco de gado do deus Apolo.
Quem foi Hermes
Ele era o mais rápido dos deuses e usava sua velocidade para levar mensagens para os outros deuses. Ele ajudou a levar os mortos para o submundo e poderia colocar as pessoas para dormir com seus poderes mágicos.
A tradition of cattle raids made by the crafty Messenians on their neighbours, and of a treaty by which these were discontinued, seems to have been mythologically combined with an account of how the barbarous Hellenes took over and exploited, in the name of their adopted god Apollo, the Creto-Helladic civilizations which they found in Central and Southern Greece. (66)
In ancient Greek Archaic and Classical art, Hermes is depicted holding the kerykeion or caduceus staff (signifying his role as a herald, the stick is either cleft or with an open figure of 8 at the top), wearing winged sandals (symbolic of his role as a messenger), a long tunic or leopard skin, sometimes also a winged cap (petasos), and occasionally with a lyre. He may also carry a ram in a nod to his role as patron of shepherds, especially in Boeotian and Arcadian art. In his association with youths, the god was often portrayed as abeardless youth holding the infant Hercules or Achilles. At the same time, his association with trade is evidenced in the seals of Delos where he carries a purse. Perhaps the most celebrated depiction of Hermes in Greek art is the magnificent statue by Praxiteles (c. 330 BCE) which once stood in the temple of Hera at Olympia and now resides in the archaeological museum of the site.